forensic dna analysis

 

CYBERCRIMES

INTRODUCTION:

Cybercrime encompasses any criminal act coping with computers and networks (called hacking). 

Additionally, cybercrime also includes traditional crimes conducted through the net. 

For example; hate crimes, telemarketing and internet fraud, fraud, and MasterCard account thefts are considered to be cybercrimes when illegal activities are committed through the utilization of a computer and also the Internet.

WHAT IS A CYBERCRIME?

Cybercrime isn't defined officially within the IT Act or in the other legislation. In fact, it can't be too.

Offence or crime has been handling elaborately listing various acts and therefore the punishments for every, under the Indian legal code, 1860 and related legislation. 

Hence the concept of cybercrime is simply a “combination of crime and computer”.

WHAT CYBERCRIME ACTUALLY MEANS?

It may be hackers vandalizing your site, viewing wind, stealing trade secrets or holding with the employment of the web. 

It may also include ‘denial of services’ and viruses attacks preventing regular traffic from reaching your site. 

Cybercrimes aren't limited to outsider except in virus and concerning security-related cybercrime that has usually done by the workers of the actual company who can easily access the password and data storage of the corporate for his or her benefits.

Cybercrimes also consist of illegal activities achieved through the service of computers which further preserves crimes, 

i.e. commercial crime, dealing of prohibited articles, pornography, online gambling, electronic mail spoofing, cheating, cyber defamation, cyberstalking, unofficial access to the computer system, fraud of data involved within the computerized form, email bombing, physically harming the computer system etc.

 

CYBERCRIME IS A VERY NARROW SENSE (COMPUTER CRIME):

Any illegal behaviour using electronic operations that target the safety of computer systems and therefore the data processed by them.

CYBERCRIME IN A BROADER SENSE (COMPUTER-RELATED CRIME):

Any illegal behaviour committed using, or about, a system or network, including such crime as criminal possession and offering or distributing information employing an ADP system or network.

Any such class of documents or transactions as is also notified by the Central Government.

Cyber Crimes are crimes in which digital devices and the web network are used.

In some cases, the pc may are accustomed commit the crime, and in other cases, the pc may are the target of the crime.

CLASSIFICATION OF CYBERCRIMES:

Cyber Crimes are growing day by day, and it's very difficult to search out out what actually may be a cybercrime; 

and what's a traditional crime?

To come out of this confusion, cyber crimes is classified under different categories which are as follow:

(a) Cyber Crimes against a person;

(b) Cyber Crimes against the property;

(c) Cyber Crimes against Government; and

(d) Cyber Crimes against society.

CYBERCRIMES AGAINST PERSONS:

Certain offences affect the personality of a person which might be discussed as:

1.Harassment via E-Mails – it's an awfully common kind of harassment through sending letters, attachment of files and folder i.e. via e-mails.

2.CyberStalking– It means expressed or implied physical threat that makes fear through the employment of engineerings like the web, e-mails, phones, text messages, webcam, websites or videos.

3.Dissemination of Obscene Material- It includes indecent exposure/Pornography (basically child pornography), hosting of the website containing these prohibited materials.

These obscene matters may cause harm to the mind of adolescent and have a tendency to deprave or corrupt their mind.

4.Defamation- It's an act of imputing any individual with the intent to lower down the dignity of the person by hacking his mail account and sending some mail using abusive texts, images, or abusive content to unknown individual's mail accounts.

5.Hacking –It means unauthorized control/access over a system and therefore the act of hacking completely destroy the entire data similarly to computer programmes.

6.Cracking- It's amongst the gravest cybercrimes are known up to now. 

It is a dreadful feeling to understand that stranger has broken into your system without your knowledge and consent and has tampered with precious confidential data and data.

7.E-Mail Spoofing- A spoofed email is also said to be one, which misrepresents its origin.

It shows its origin to differ from which actually it originates.

8.Email is spamming- Email “spamming” refers to sending email to thousands and thousands of user- kind of like a sequence letter.

9.SMS Spoofing- spoofing could be a blocking through spam which suggests unwanted uninvited messages.

10.Carding- It means false ATM cards i.e. Debit and Credit cards utilized by criminal for his or her monetary benefits through withdrawing money from the victim's checking account malafidely.

11.Cheating and Fraud- It means the one that is doing the act of cybercrime i.e. stealing password and data storages have done it with have a guilty mind which results in fraud and cheating.

CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL PROPERTY:

As there's ascent within the international trade where businesses and consumers are increasingly using computers to make, transmit and store information within the electronic form rather than traditional documents.

Certain offences that affect a person property are as follows:

I.Material possession Crimes - material possession consists of a bundle of rights. Any unlawful act committed by which the owner is deprived completely or partially of his rights is a holding crime.

II.Cyber Squatting- It means where a two-person claim for the identical domain name either by claiming that had registered the name first on by right using it before the opposite or using something almost like that previously.

III.Cyber Vandalism- Vandalism means deliberately destroying or damaging the property of another.

IV.Hacking Computer system- Hacktivism attacks include famous Twitter, Blogging platform by unauthorized access /control over the pc. because of the hacking activity, there'll be loss of knowledge likewise as a computer.

V.Transmitting Virus- Viruses are a program that attaches themselves to a computer or a file then circulates themselves to other files and to other computers on a network. they sometimes affect the information on a computer, either by altering or deleting it.

VI.Cyber Trespass- It means to access someone a computer without the authorization of the correct owner and doesn't disturb, alter, misuse or damage data or system by using a wireless internet connection.

CYBERCRIME AGAINST GOVERNMENT:

There are certain offences done by a bunch of persons aspiring to threaten the international government by using internet facilities. It includes:

Cyber Terrorism- The common sort of these terrorist act on the web could be a distributed denial-of-service attack, hate websites and hate email, attack on sensitive computer networks etc.

Cyber Warfare – It refers to politically motivated hacking to conduct sabotage and espionage. 

It's a type of warfare sometimes seen as analogous to traditional warfare although this analogy is controversial for both its accuracy and political motivation.

Distribution of pirated software – It means distributing pirated software from one computer to a different assuming to destroy the information and official record of the govt.

CYBERCRIME AGAINST SOCIETY AT LARGE:

An unlawful act done to cause harm to cyberspace will affect an outsized number of person. 

These offences include:

1)Cyber trafficking- it should be trafficking in drug, creature, arms weapons etc. Trafficking in cyberspace is additionally the gravest crime.

2)Online Gambling- Online fraud and cheating are some of the foremost lucrative businesses that are growing today in cyberspace.

3)Financial Crimes- this kind of offence is common as there's ascension within the use of networking sites and phone networking where culprit will attempt to attack by sending bogus emails or messages through the web.

4)Forgery- It means to deceive an outsized number of an individual by sending threatening mails as online business transactions have become the habitual need of today’s lifestyle.